农民日常反抗的道义标准与策略——斯科特的农民研究

詹姆斯·斯科特的农民日常反抗理论包含两个层面的论证,第一个层面是小农反抗的道义基础、标准和逻辑,即在生存线上挣扎的小农具有特殊的公正感和道德感,它包含两个基本原则：“安全第一”和“互惠”,忽视或破坏这两个原则,会激起小农的愤怒和反抗。第二个层面是,小农的力量和文化习惯等因素决定了小农的反抗是“日常反抗”,而非大规模的革命。这些看似微不足道的隐微反抗,包括行为层面的和象征性符号层面的,有其自身逻辑和意义,并影响着日常政治的运行。斯科特的研究堪称农民研究史上的一个拐点,对当今农民理论研究具有重要的借鉴意义。     

再论詹姆士的实用主义真理观

实用主义是 2 0世纪西方哲学的一个重要流派。詹姆士的实用主义真理观是实用主义方法、原则的引伸 ,是实用主义理论的核心内容。在詹姆士那里 ,真理是指与实在相符合的观念以及观念必须具备适用性 ;真理既有绝对的一面 ,又有相对的一面 ,是绝对性与相对性的统一 ;真理是观念证实它本身的过程 ,这种证实包括直接证实和间接证实两种方式。从实用主义角度来说 ,间接证实的运用比直接证实更方便、更合算。     

人道主义和反人道主义的知识论或真理观——以詹姆士与福柯为例

以詹姆士为代表的人道主义知识论或真理观认为,真理是人为的结果,并且造出来是给人用的;以福柯为代表的反人道主义的知识论或真理观认为,每一个话语实践都可以由它所形成的知识来确定,而话语实践总是和权力联系在一起。因此,知识或真理是由权力造就的。在这两种知识论或真理观中,福柯的知识论或真理观显得更为合理。实际上,知识或真理是在人的实践中产生的,并由人的实践效果来衡量,这就决定了知识或真理的社会基础和社会属性。     

Resources,homophily, and dependence: Organizational attributes and asymmetric ties in human service networks

This paper examines the effects of organizational attributes on power/dependence relations in interorganizational dyads. Exchange and homophily theories are discussed as two alternative perspectives on the processes that give rise to such effects. The data pertain to interagency ties in three community-based networks of youth service agencies and are analyzed via a new strategy of linear modeling dyadic relations. The results of the analysis suggest that size, administrative position, and justice system connections condition the extent to which an agency initiates and receives ties of influence, assistance, and support. Moreover, these relations are more frequent between agencies with similar treatment ideologies and client racial makeup. Finally, size and justice system access are found to reduce agency dependence on a network's administrative core. In the course of the discussion, a number of related issues and findings are discussed.     

生态社会主义的资本主义危机理论——基于詹姆斯·奥康纳《自然的理由》

詹姆斯·奥康纳以制度批判为视角,通过分析资本主义的生产方式、基本矛盾、生态危机及其相互之间的关系,批判了资本主义制度的反生态本性。资本扩张的逻辑决定了资本主义在资本积累、扩大再生产、发展经济时必然要以牺牲生态环境为代价,并将自身的生态危机向全球扩散。资本主义的双重矛盾带来了经济与生态双重危机,资本主义依靠自身的力量无法摆脱双重危机的包围,结果必然是资本主义走向不可持续性的道路。奥康纳对资本主义制度的生态学批判既有积极的意义,也有一定的理论缺陷。     

从句法结构看“钦定本”《圣经》的文体特征

"钦定本"<圣经>以其独特的文体对17世纪以降的英国语言和文学产生了深远的影响.以现代英译本<圣经>为参照,对"钦定本"中句法结构的运用进行了抽样考察与分析.认为"钦定本"具有语言简洁、文体正式规范、结构精简且灵活多变的文体特征.     

Behavioral evaluation of a state program of deinstitutionalization of the developmentally disabled

The purpose of this study was to evaluate one phase of a statewide program of deinstitutionalizing developmentally disabled individuals. Forty adults who had spent a minimum of six months in community placements were evaluated with respect to changes in behavior associated with movement out of state institutions and into community settings such as group homes and day activity centers. Pre- and post-deinstitutionalization measures were taken with the Behavior Development Survey. Post-deinstitutionalization measures on Cataldo and Risley's Resident Activity Manifest were compared to the same measures obtained on 159 developmentally disabled individuals scheduled for deinstitutionalization. A consistent pattern of positive changes on both instruments favored deinstitutionalization, but changes could not be unequivocally attributed to movement out of the institutions per se.     

Program analysis using the client oriented cost outcome system.

The client oriented cost outcome system has been under development in Pennsylvania community and hospital programs since 1972. The system builds upon the behavioral and decision data generated with or on behalf of consumers. Flexibility for local program system design is permitted if the procedures of consumer intake, review, and termination document each consumer's (a) problems, resources, and goals, (b) overall functioning level in their ordinary community, and (c) services intended and rendered as related to (a), above. While the system's primary application is in providing feedback for local program quality assurance and evaluation procedures, aggregation of data permits program planning and evaluation at county, state, and federal levels in terms of (a) client demographic or diagnostic characteristics, and (b) program service characteristics and objectives.     

红十字的起源及其在中国的传播--纪念中国红十字会诞生一百周年

中国红十字运动,是国际红十字运动的组成部分.文章溯本求源,对红十字的起源及其在中国的传播情况,进行考察,并提出在中国红十字的启蒙运动中,"二孙"即孙中山、孙淦,推波助澜,功不可没.